The world in the 9th century BCE

In the 9th century BCE (900 to 801 BCE), the timeline shows 33 states, empires and colonies and 134 peoples across 12 regions. The most significant include Carthage, Neo-Assyrian Empire, Kingdom of Saba, Greek cities of Asia Minor and Phoenician city-states.

Previous: 10th century BCE Next: 8th century BCE

Events

• 900 BCE Chavín de Huántar becomes a pilgrimage center, South America. The temple at Chavín draws pilgrims from across the Andes, and its art becomes the first style shared over most of Peru.
• 853 BCE Battle of Qarqar, Middle East. A coalition including Ahab of Israel and Hadadezer of Damascus checks Shalmaneser III. His inscription names Gindibu the Arab with 1,000 camels, the first record of Arabs.
• 850 BCE First settlers reach Tonga, Oceania. Lapita voyagers found a settlement at Nukuleka on Tongatapu, the first human presence in Polynesia.
• 814 BCE Founding of Carthage, North and West Africa. Phoenician settlers from Tyre found Carthage on the Gulf of Tunis, according to tradition under Queen Dido. It becomes the leading city of the western Mediterranean.

Central and Southern Africa

• Western Bantu-speaking farmers c. 1000 BCE to 1400 CE
• Eastern Bantu-speaking farmers c. 1000 BCE to 1300 CE
• Central African forest foragers c. 3200 BCE to the present
• San hunter-gatherers c. 3200 BCE to the present
• Khoisan hunter-gatherers c. 3200 BCE to 1100 CE
• Pastoral Neolithic herders c. 3000 BCE to 700 CE
• East African hunter-gatherers c. 3200 BCE to the present
• Lower Congo hunter-gatherers c. 3200 BCE to 500 CE
• Great Lakes hunter-gatherers c. 3200 BCE to 500 CE
• Pre-settlement Madagascar c. 3200 BCE to 400 CE

North and West Africa

• Carthage c. 814 to 146 BCE
• Nok culture c. 1500 BCE to 1 CE
• Amazigh (Berber) tribes c. 3200 BCE to the present
• Cushitic-speaking pastoralists c. 3200 BCE to the present
• Medjay, Blemmyes and Beja nomads c. 2300 BCE to the present
• Sahelian cereal farmers c. 1500 BCE to the present
• West African yam and oil palm farmers c. 1500 BCE to the present
• Chadic-speaking farmers c. 1000 BCE to the present
• Tichitt culture c. 2200 to 400 BCE
• Gajiganna culture c. 1800 to 800 BCE
• D'mt c. 980 to 400 BCE
• Third Intermediate Period c. 1069 to 664 BCE
• El-Kurru chiefdom c. 1000 to 785 BCE

Europe

• Nuragic civilization c. 1800 to 238 BCE
• Nordic Bronze Age c. 1700 to 500 BCE
• Sparta c. 900 to 192 BCE
• Urnfield culture c. 1300 to 750 BCE
• Sami people c. 1000 BCE to the present
• Volga Finnic peoples c. 1800 BCE to 1100 CE
• Baltic Finnic tribes c. 1500 BCE to 1250 CE
• Baltic tribes c. 1000 BCE to 1290 CE
• Thracians c. 1200 BCE to 46 CE
• Talayotic culture c. 1300 to 123 BCE
• Illyrians c. 1000 BCE to 9 CE
• Bronze Age Gaul c. 1800 to 800 BCE
• Italic peoples c. 1000 to 88 BCE
• Lusatian culture c. 1300 to 500 BCE
• Middle and Late Bronze Age Britain c. 1500 to 800 BCE
• Atlantic Bronze Age c. 1300 to 700 BCE
• Tartessos c. 900 to 550 BCE
• Proto-Villanovan culture c. 1200 to 900 BCE
• Greek Dark Ages c. 1100 to 800 BCE
• Cimmerians c. 900 to 650 BCE
• Villanovan culture c. 900 to 720 BCE

Middle East

• Neo-Assyrian Empire 911 to 609 BCE
• Kingdom of Saba c. 1000 BCE to 275 CE
• Greek cities of Asia Minor c. 1050 to 129 BCE
• Phoenician city-states c. 1200 to 332 BCE
• Kingdom of Judah c. 930 to 587 BCE
• Urartu c. 860 to 590 BCE
• Kingdom of Israel c. 930 to 720 BCE
• Phrygia c. 900 to 695 BCE
• Arab Bedouin tribes c. 900 BCE to the present
• Zagros highland peoples c. 3200 to 800 BCE
• Arabian pastoral nomads c. 3200 to 900 BCE
• Dilmun c. 2800 to 544 BCE
• Aramaic-speaking Mesopotamians c. 1100 BCE to 700 CE
• Luwians c. 2000 to 700 BCE
• Colchian culture c. 1700 to 600 BCE
• Tyre c. 1000 to 332 BCE
• Philistines c. 1175 to 604 BCE
• Neo-Elamite period c. 1100 to 539 BCE
• Babylonia (Isin II and later dynasties) c. 1155 to 626 BCE
• Iranian-speaking pastoralists c. 1200 to 700 BCE
• Syro-Hittite states c. 1180 to 710 BCE
• Edom c. 1000 to 552 BCE
• Moab c. 1000 to 582 BCE
• Aramean kingdoms c. 1100 to 720 BCE
• Chaldeans c. 900 to 539 BCE
• Nairi tribes c. 1200 to 860 BCE
• Mannaea c. 850 to 616 BCE
• Aram-Damascus c. 950 to 732 BCE

South Asia

• Kuru Kingdom c. 1200 to 500 BCE
• Munda-speaking peoples c. 1500 BCE to the present
• Tibeto-Burman hill peoples c. 1000 BCE to the present
• Vedda people c. 900 BCE to the present
• Balangoda culture c. 3200 to 900 BCE
• Eastern Iranian peoples c. 1500 BCE to 1000 CE
• Gandhara grave culture c. 1600 to 500 BCE
• Megalithic culture of the Deccan c. 1200 to 100 BCE
• Iron Age villages of western India c. 1200 to 200 BCE
• Pandu Rajar Dhibi culture c. 1600 to 750 BCE
• Indo-Aryan clans of the Punjab c. 1100 to 320 BCE
• Panchala c. 1100 to 350 BCE
• Jorwe culture c. 1400 to 700 BCE
• Tamil Iron Age c. 1000 to 300 BCE
• Painted Grey Ware culture c. 1200 to 600 BCE
• Early Iron Age Sri Lanka c. 900 to 377 BCE

Central and North Asia

• Andronovo culture c. 2000 to 900 BCE
• Uralic hunter-fishers of western Siberia c. 3200 BCE to 1000 CE
• Yukaghir peoples c. 1000 BCE to the present
• Chukchi, Koryak and Itelmen peoples c. 1000 BCE to the present
• Yaz culture c. 1500 to 500 BCE
• Andronovo herders of Dzungaria c. 1800 to 900 BCE
• Subeixi culture c. 1000 to 100 BCE
• Slab grave culture c. 1100 to 300 BCE
• Karasuk culture c. 1500 to 800 BCE
• Deer stone and khirigsuur culture c. 1400 to 700 BCE

East Asia

• Jomon culture c. 3200 to 300 BCE
• Chu c. 1030 to 223 BCE
• Western Zhou 1046 to 771 BCE
• Formosan Austronesian peoples c. 3200 BCE to the present
• Qiang peoples c. 1300 BCE to the present
• Sushen and Yilou c. 1100 BCE to 400 CE
• Baiyue peoples c. 1000 BCE to 200 CE
• Mumun pottery period c. 1500 to 300 BCE
• Shu kingdom (Jinsha) c. 1150 to 316 BCE
• Qi c. 1046 to 221 BCE
• Yan c. 1046 to 222 BCE
• Lu c. 1042 to 249 BCE
• Jin (Zhou state) c. 1033 to 376 BCE
• Upper Xiajiadian culture c. 1000 to 600 BCE

Southeast Asia

• Austronesian peoples c. 2200 BCE to 900 CE
• Austroasiatic rice farmers c. 2000 BCE to 500 CE
• Ban Chiang culture c. 2000 BCE to 200 CE
• Austroasiatic rice farmers of the Mekong c. 2000 BCE to 100 CE
• Austronesian peoples of Sumatra and Malaya c. 1500 BCE to 500 CE
• Austronesian farmers of Java and Wallacea c. 1500 BCE to 400 CE
• Dong Son culture c. 1000 BCE to 100 CE
• Philippine Negrito foragers c. 3200 BCE to the present
• Orang Asli (Semang and Senoi) c. 2000 BCE to the present
• Dayak peoples of Borneo c. 1000 BCE to the present
• Neolithic and Bronze Age farmers of Burma c. 2000 to 200 BCE
• Sa Huynh culture c. 1000 BCE to 200 CE

North America

• Arctic Small Tool tradition c. 2500 to 800 BCE
• Unangan (Aleut) peoples c. 2500 BCE to the present
• California Archaic hunter-gatherers c. 3200 BCE to 500 CE
• Shield Archaic c. 3200 to 500 BCE
• Plains Archaic hunters c. 3200 to 500 BCE
• Locarno Beach and Marpole cultures c. 1800 BCE to 500 CE
• Basketmaker culture c. 1500 BCE to 750 CE
• Early Agricultural period farmers c. 2100 BCE to 50 CE
• Pre-Dorset c. 2500 to 500 BCE
• Woodland period cultures c. 1000 BCE to 1000 CE
• Norton tradition c. 1000 BCE to 800 CE
• Saqqaq culture c. 2500 to 800 BCE

Mesoamerica and Caribbean

• Olmec civilization c. 1600 to 400 BCE
• San Lorenzo phase (Olmec) c. 1400 to 900 BCE
• La Venta phase (Olmec) c. 900 to 400 BCE
• Casimiroid culture c. 3200 to 200 BCE
• Ortoiroid culture c. 3200 to 400 BCE
• Guayabo de Turrialba c. 1000 BCE to 1400 CE
• Early farmers of the northern deserts c. 1500 BCE to 700 CE
• San José Mogote c. 1500 to 500 BCE
• Tlatilco culture c. 1200 to 400 BCE
• Early Preclassic Maya villages c. 1200 to 600 BCE

South America

• Chavín culture c. 900 to 200 BCE
• Fuegian canoe peoples (Yaghan, Kawésqar) c. 3200 BCE to the present
• Sambaqui shell-mound builders c. 3200 BCE to 1000 CE
• Interior Archaic hunter-gatherers c. 3200 to 500 BCE
• Pampas and Patagonian Archaic hunters c. 3200 to 500 BCE
• Mayo-Chinchipe culture c. 3200 to 500 BCE
• Barrancoid culture c. 1000 BCE to 1000 CE
• Chiripa culture c. 1500 to 100 BCE
• Chorrera culture c. 1300 to 300 BCE
• Cupisnique culture c. 1500 to 500 BCE
• Casma valley centers (Sechín) c. 1800 to 900 BCE

Oceania

• Aboriginal Australian peoples c. 3200 BCE to the present
• Lapita culture c. 1600 to 500 BCE
• Papuan farmers and foragers c. 3200 BCE to the present
• Kuk Swamp agriculture c. 3200 to 500 BCE
• Ancestral Polynesian society c. 850 BCE to 1000 CE
• Tasmanian Aboriginal peoples c. 3200 BCE to the present
• Uninhabited c. 3200 BCE to 1280 CE
• Uninhabited c. 3200 BCE to 1000 CE
• Uninhabited c. 3200 to 100 BCE
• Pre-Latte Chamorro c. 1500 BCE to 900 CE