Terra Mariana (Livonia)

Terra Mariana (Livonia) was a state in Scandinavia and the Baltic (Europe) that lasted from 1207 to 1561 CE, about 354 years. Its people spoke Germanic languages (Gothic, Frankish, English, German, Dutch, Norse).

Crusaders of the Sword Brothers, later the Livonian Order, ruled present Latvia and Estonia with the bishops of Riga. The Livonian War broke it up among Poland-Lithuania, Sweden and Denmark.

See Terra Mariana (Livonia) on the interactive timeline

Facts

Dates

1207 to 1561 CE

Duration

354 years

Type

State

Region

Scandinavia and the Baltic, Europe

Language family

Germanic

Capital

Riga

Became

• Duchy of Courland and Semigallia 1561 to 1795 CE

Events in Europe during its time

• 1215 Magna Carta
• 1240 Mongols sack Kiev
• 1347 Black Death reaches Europe
• 1450 Gutenberg's printing press
• 1453 Fall of Constantinople
• 1492 Fall of Granada and Columbus's voyage
• 1517 Luther's Ninety-five Theses

Neighbours in Europe

• Republic of Venice c. 697 to 1797 CE
• Byzantine Empire 395 to 1453 CE
• Holy Roman Empire 962 to 1806 CE
• Ottoman Empire 1299 to 1922 CE
• Portuguese Empire 1415 to 1999 CE
• Kievan Rus 882 to 1240 CE
• Habsburg Monarchy 1526 to 1804 CE
• Spanish Empire (Habsburg Spain) 1516 to 1700 CE
• Papal States 756 to 1870 CE
• Kingdom of Scotland 843 to 1707 CE

Elsewhere in the world at the same time

• Byzantine Empire 395 to 1453 CE, Middle East
• Swahili city-states c. 800 to 1700 CE, Central and Southern Africa
• Srivijaya c. 650 to 1377 CE, Southeast Asia
• Ethiopian Empire (Solomonic dynasty) 1270 to 1974 CE, North and West Africa
• Khmer Empire 802 to 1431 CE, Southeast Asia
• Ottoman Empire 1299 to 1922 CE, Middle East
• Kingdom of Kongo c. 1390 to 1914 CE, Central and Southern Africa
• Abbasid Caliphate 750 to 1258 CE, Middle East
• Mali Empire c. 1235 to 1670 CE, North and West Africa
• Chola Empire 848 to 1279 CE, South Asia

Questions