The world in the 4th century

In the 4th century (301 to 400 CE), the timeline shows 89 states, empires and colonies and 124 peoples across 12 regions. The most significant include Byzantine Empire, Byzantine Empire, Ghana Empire (Wagadu), Kingdom of Aksum and Moche (Mochica).

Events

301 Armenia adopts Christianity, Middle East. King Tiridates III, converted by Gregory the Illuminator, makes Armenia the first state to adopt Christianity as its official religion.
313 Edict of Milan, Europe. Constantine and Licinius grant Christians freedom of worship across the Roman Empire.
330 Aksum adopts Christianity, North and West Africa. King Ezana of Aksum converts under the influence of the Syrian bishop Frumentius, and his coins switch from pagan symbols to the cross.
330 Constantinople dedicated, Europe. Constantine dedicates his new capital on the site of Byzantium. It stays the seat of the eastern Roman Empire for over 1,100 years.
372 Buddhism reaches Korea, East Asia. Former Qin sends a monk with Buddhist images and scriptures to Goguryeo. Baekje accepts Buddhism in 384 and Silla in 527.
378 Teotihuacan intervenes at Tikal, Mesoamerica and Caribbean. The warlord Siyaj K'ak' arrives at Tikal from Teotihuacan on the day its king dies and installs a new dynasty.

Central and Southern Africa

Western Bantu-speaking farmers c. 1000 BCE to 1400 CE
Eastern Bantu-speaking farmers c. 1000 BCE to 1300 CE
Central African forest foragers c. 3200 BCE to the present
San hunter-gatherers c. 3200 BCE to the present
Khoisan hunter-gatherers c. 3200 BCE to 1100 CE
Pastoral Neolithic herders c. 3000 BCE to 700 CE
Khoekhoe herders c. 100 BCE to 1904 CE
Bantu farmers of the Congo basin c. 500 BCE to 1500 CE
Urewe culture c. 500 BCE to 600 CE
Iron Age farmers of South Africa c. 300 to 1300 CE
Iron Age farmers of the Zambezi c. 200 to 1000 CE
Austronesian settlers of Madagascar c. 400 to 1100 CE
East African hunter-gatherers c. 3200 BCE to the present
Lower Congo hunter-gatherers c. 3200 BCE to 500 CE
Great Lakes hunter-gatherers c. 3200 BCE to 500 CE
Pre-settlement Madagascar c. 3200 BCE to 400 CE
Coastal Bantu farmers (Kwale ware) c. 100 to 800 CE

North and West Africa

Ghana Empire (Wagadu) c. 300 to 1200 CE
Kingdom of Aksum c. 100 to 940 CE
Kingdom of Kush (Meroitic period) c. 300 BCE to 350 CE
Roman Africa 146 BCE to 439 CE
Roman Egypt 30 BCE to 395 CE
Amazigh (Berber) tribes c. 3200 BCE to the present
Cushitic-speaking pastoralists c. 3200 BCE to the present
Medjay, Blemmyes and Beja nomads c. 2300 BCE to the present
Sahelian cereal farmers c. 1500 BCE to the present
West African yam and oil palm farmers c. 1500 BCE to the present
Chadic-speaking farmers c. 1000 BCE to the present
Sao culture c. 500 BCE to 1600 CE
Coptic Christians c. 300 CE to the present
Saharan camel nomads (Sanhaja and Tuareg) c. 300 CE to the present
Jenne-Jeno (Middle Niger towns) c. 250 BCE to 1400 CE
Garamantes c. 500 BCE to 700 CE
Nobatia c. 400 to 700 CE
Byzantine Egypt 395 to 641 CE
Noba and the Ballana culture c. 350 to 550 CE

Europe

Byzantine Empire 395 to 1453 CE
Roman Empire 27 BCE to 395 CE
Hunnic Empire c. 370 to 469 CE
Gaelic Ireland c. 500 BCE to 1607 CE
Roman Hispania 218 BCE to 472 CE
Sarmatians c. 300 BCE to 375 CE
Germanic tribes of Germania c. 100 BCE to 500 CE
Roman Gaul 50 BCE to 486 CE
Roman Britain 43 to 410 CE
Western Roman Empire 395 to 476 CE
Sami people c. 1000 BCE to the present
Volga Finnic peoples c. 1800 BCE to 1100 CE
Baltic Finnic tribes c. 1500 BCE to 1250 CE
Basques (Vascones) c. 500 BCE to the present
Baltic tribes c. 1000 BCE to 1290 CE
San Marino c. 301 CE to the present
Bosporan Kingdom c. 480 BCE to 370 CE
Przeworsk culture c. 300 BCE to 450 CE
Old Saxons c. 100 to 804 CE
Picts c. 297 to 843 CE
Roman Macedonia and Achaea 146 BCE to 395 CE
Alemanni c. 213 to 746 CE
Roman Iron Age (Scandinavia) c. 1 to 400 CE
Wielbark culture c. 1 to 400 CE
Migration and Vendel periods c. 400 to 793 CE
Frankish tribes c. 250 to 481 CE
Chernyakhov culture (Gothic Oium) c. 230 to 375 CE
Visigoths in the Balkans 376 to 418 CE

Middle East

Byzantine Empire 395 to 1453 CE
Sasanian Empire 224 to 651 CE
Kingdom of Iberia (Kartli) c. 302 BCE to 580 CE
Himyarite Kingdom c. 110 BCE to 525 CE
Roman Anatolia 133 BCE to 395 CE
Roman Syria and Judaea 64 BCE to 395 CE
Arsacid Armenia 52 to 428 CE
Byzantine Syria and Palestine 395 to 640 CE
Arab Bedouin tribes c. 900 BCE to the present
Aramaic-speaking Mesopotamians c. 1100 BCE to 700 CE
Caucasian Albania c. 150 BCE to 705 CE
Lazica (Egrisi) c. 100 to 697 CE
Ghassanids c. 220 to 638 CE
Lakhmids c. 300 to 602 CE

South Asia

Kushan Empire c. 30 to 375 CE
Gupta Empire c. 320 to 550 CE
Anuradhapura Kingdom 377 BCE to 1017 CE
Pallava dynasty c. 275 to 897 CE
Western Satraps c. 35 to 415 CE
Vakataka dynasty c. 250 to 500 CE
Munda-speaking peoples c. 1500 BCE to the present
Tibeto-Burman hill peoples c. 1000 BCE to the present
Vedda people c. 900 BCE to the present
Eastern Iranian peoples c. 1500 BCE to 1000 CE
Kamarupa c. 350 to 1140 CE
Western Ganga dynasty c. 350 to 1000 CE
Yaudheya confederacy c. 200 BCE to 350 CE
Malava Republic c. 150 BCE to 350 CE
Licchavi dynasty of Nepal c. 400 to 750 CE
Kalabhra dynasty c. 250 to 575 CE
Kadamba dynasty c. 345 to 540 CE
Alchon Huns c. 370 to 560 CE
Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom c. 230 to 365 CE
Kidarites c. 350 to 470 CE

Central and North Asia

Sogdiana c. 545 BCE to 722 CE
Kingdom of Khotan c. 200 BCE to 1006 CE
Kushan Empire c. 30 to 375 CE
Rouran Khaganate 330 to 555 CE
Uralic hunter-fishers of western Siberia c. 3200 BCE to 1000 CE
Yukaghir peoples c. 1000 BCE to the present
Chukchi, Koryak and Itelmen peoples c. 1000 BCE to the present
Kingdom of Kucha c. 100 BCE to 840 CE
Ancient Chorasmia c. 600 BCE to 305 CE
Old Bering Sea culture c. 200 BCE to 600 CE
Afrighid dynasty c. 305 to 995 CE
Kangju c. 200 BCE to 450 CE
Jushi kingdom c. 200 BCE to 450 CE
Loulan (Shanshan) c. 176 BCE to 445 CE
Wusun c. 160 BCE to 450 CE
Tashtyk culture c. 100 BCE to 450 CE
Oghur and Hunnic tribes c. 350 to 600 CE

East Asia

Silla 57 BCE to 668 CE
Goguryeo 37 BCE to 668 CE
Baekje 18 BCE to 660 CE
Kofun period c. 250 to 538 CE
Northern Wei 386 to 535 CE
Eastern Jin 317 to 420 CE
Western Jin 266 to 316 CE
Formosan Austronesian peoples c. 3200 BCE to the present
Qiang peoples c. 1300 BCE to the present
Sushen and Yilou c. 1100 BCE to 400 CE
Zhangzhung c. 500 BCE to 644 CE
Epi-Jomon culture c. 300 BCE to 700 CE
Buyeo c. 200 BCE to 494 CE
Mohe c. 400 to 926 CE
Gaya confederacy c. 42 to 562 CE
Samhan confederacies c. 100 BCE to 350 CE
Lelang Commandery 108 BCE to 313 CE
Tuyuhun c. 285 to 670 CE
Former Qin 351 to 394 CE
Former Yan 337 to 370 CE
Later Zhao 319 to 351 CE
Han Zhao 304 to 329 CE

Southeast Asia

Austronesian peoples c. 2200 BCE to 900 CE
Austroasiatic rice farmers c. 2000 BCE to 500 CE
Austronesian peoples of Sumatra and Malaya c. 1500 BCE to 500 CE
Austronesian farmers of Java and Wallacea c. 1500 BCE to 400 CE
Champa c. 192 to 1832 CE
Pyu city-states c. 200 BCE to 1050 CE
Second Chinese domination 43 to 544 CE
Funan c. 68 to 550 CE
Philippine Negrito foragers c. 3200 BCE to the present
Orang Asli (Semang and Senoi) c. 2000 BCE to the present
Dayak peoples of Borneo c. 1000 BCE to the present
Langkasuka c. 100 to 1400 CE
Kutai Martadipura c. 350 to 1605 CE
Plain of Jars culture c. 500 BCE to 500 CE
Buni culture c. 400 BCE to 500 CE
Tarumanagara c. 358 to 669 CE

North America

Dorset culture c. 500 BCE to 1300 CE
Mogollon culture c. 200 to 1450 CE
Hohokam c. 300 to 1450 CE
Hopewell tradition c. 100 BCE to 500 CE
Unangan (Aleut) peoples c. 2500 BCE to the present
California Archaic hunter-gatherers c. 3200 BCE to 500 CE
Dene (Northern Athabaskan) peoples c. 500 BCE to the present
Locarno Beach and Marpole cultures c. 1800 BCE to 500 CE
Basketmaker culture c. 1500 BCE to 750 CE
Woodland period cultures c. 1000 BCE to 1000 CE
Norton tradition c. 1000 BCE to 800 CE
Laurel complex c. 500 BCE to 1000 CE
Plains Woodland cultures c. 500 BCE to 900 CE
Fremont culture c. 1 to 1300 CE

Mesoamerica and Caribbean

Teotihuacan c. 100 BCE to 550 CE
Classic Maya civilization c. 250 to 900 CE
Chibchan chiefdoms (Costa Rica and Panama) c. 500 BCE to 1570 CE
Zapotec state (Monte Albán) c. 500 BCE to 850 CE
Saladoid culture c. 500 BCE to 600 CE
Tikal (Mutal) c. 90 to 900 CE
Kaan kingdom (Calakmul) c. 400 to 900 CE
Guayabo de Turrialba c. 1000 BCE to 1400 CE
Early farmers of the northern deserts c. 1500 BCE to 700 CE
Greater Nicoya cultures c. 500 BCE to 1522 CE
Cholula c. 300 BCE to 1519 CE
Kaminaljuyu c. 800 BCE to 800 CE
Gran Coclé chiefdoms c. 1 to 1520 CE
Teuchitlán tradition c. 300 BCE to 900 CE
Chalchihuites culture c. 200 to 1100 CE
Caracol 331 to 859 CE

South America

Moche (Mochica) c. 100 to 800 CE
Tiwanaku c. 400 to 1000 CE
Marajoara culture c. 400 to 1400 CE
Nazca culture c. 100 BCE to 800 CE
Fuegian canoe peoples (Yaghan, Kawésqar) c. 3200 BCE to the present
Sambaqui shell-mound builders c. 3200 BCE to 1000 CE
Jê peoples c. 1 CE to the present
Patagonian peoples (Tehuelche, Selk'nam) c. 1 CE to the present
Barrancoid culture c. 1000 BCE to 1000 CE
Quimbaya culture c. 1 to 1550 CE
Tairona c. 200 to 1600 CE
Zenú culture c. 200 BCE to 1000 CE
Upano valley settlements c. 500 BCE to 600 CE
Formative cultures of northwest Argentina c. 500 BCE to 600 CE
Tumaco-La Tolita culture c. 600 BCE to 400 CE
San Agustín culture c. 1 to 900 CE
Recuay culture c. 1 to 700 CE
El Molle culture c. 1 to 700 CE
Lima culture c. 100 to 650 CE

Oceania

Aboriginal Australian peoples c. 3200 BCE to the present
Papuan farmers and foragers c. 3200 BCE to the present
Ancestral Polynesian society c. 850 BCE to 1000 CE
Tasmanian Aboriginal peoples c. 3200 BCE to the present
Uninhabited c. 3200 BCE to 1280 CE
Uninhabited c. 3200 BCE to 1000 CE
Torres Strait Islanders c. 500 BCE to the present
Island Melanesian societies c. 500 BCE to the present
Pre-Latte Chamorro c. 1500 BCE to 900 CE
Fijian chiefdoms c. 500 BCE to 1874 CE
Eastern Micronesian islanders c. 100 BCE to the present