Golden Horde

Golden Horde was an empire in Russia and the Steppe (Europe) that lasted from 1242 to 1502 CE, about 260 years. Its people spoke Turkic languages (Gokturk, Uyghur, Seljuk, Ottoman, Kazakh, Tatar).

Batu's Mongol khanate ruled the steppe from Sarai on the lower Volga and took tribute from the Rus princes for two centuries. Its Mongol elite adopted Islam and the Kipchak language.

See Golden Horde on the interactive timeline

Facts

Dates

1242 to 1502 CE

Duration

260 years

Type

Empire

Region

Russia and the Steppe, Europe

Language family

Turkic

Capital

Sarai

Came from

• Cumans (Kipchaks) c. 1060 to 1237 CE

Became

• Khanate of Kazan 1438 to 1552 CE
• Crimean Khanate 1441 to 1783 CE
• Khanate of Astrakhan 1466 to 1556 CE

Events in Europe during its time

• 1347 Black Death reaches Europe
• 1450 Gutenberg's printing press
• 1453 Fall of Constantinople
• 1492 Fall of Granada and Columbus's voyage

Neighbours in Europe

• Republic of Venice c. 697 to 1797 CE
• Byzantine Empire 395 to 1453 CE
• Holy Roman Empire 962 to 1806 CE
• Ottoman Empire 1299 to 1922 CE
• Portuguese Empire 1415 to 1999 CE
• Papal States 756 to 1870 CE
• Kingdom of Scotland 843 to 1707 CE
• Republic of Genoa c. 1005 to 1797 CE
• Kingdom of Portugal 1139 to 1910 CE
• Kingdom of Bohemia 1198 to 1918 CE

Elsewhere in the world at the same time

• Byzantine Empire 395 to 1453 CE, Middle East
• Swahili city-states c. 800 to 1700 CE, Central and Southern Africa
• Srivijaya c. 650 to 1377 CE, Southeast Asia
• Ethiopian Empire (Solomonic dynasty) 1270 to 1974 CE, North and West Africa
• Khmer Empire 802 to 1431 CE, Southeast Asia
• Ottoman Empire 1299 to 1922 CE, Middle East
• Kingdom of Kongo c. 1390 to 1914 CE, Central and Southern Africa
• Abbasid Caliphate 750 to 1258 CE, Middle East
• Mali Empire c. 1235 to 1670 CE, North and West Africa
• Chola Empire 848 to 1279 CE, South Asia

Questions