Golden Horde

Golden Horde was an empire in Kazakh steppe and Semirechye (Central and North Asia) that lasted from 1242 to 1502 CE, about 260 years. Its people spoke Mongolic languages (Mongol, Khitan, Oirat).

The Jochid khanate of the western steppe. Its eastern wing, the White Horde of Orda's descendants, ruled the Kazakh steppe; its khans adopted Islam and the Kipchak language, and the realm broke up in the 15th century.

See Golden Horde on the interactive timeline

Facts

Dates

1242 to 1502 CE

Duration

260 years

Type

Empire

Region

Kazakh steppe and Semirechye, Central and North Asia

Language family

Mongolic

Capital

Sarai

Came from

• Cuman-Kipchak confederation c. 1050 to 1241 CE
• Mongol Empire 1206 to 1368 CE

Became

• Khanate of Abu'l-Khayr 1428 to 1468 CE
• Khanate of Sibir c. 1468 to 1598 CE

Events in Central and North Asia during its time

• 1428 Ulugh Beg's observatory

Neighbours in Central and North Asia

• Mongol Empire 1206 to 1368 CE
• Timurid Empire 1370 to 1507 CE
• Uyghur Kingdom of Qocho c. 843 to 1335 CE
• Kazakh Khanate 1465 to 1847 CE
• Khanate of Bukhara 1500 to 1785 CE
• Northern Yuan 1368 to 1635 CE
• Chagatai Khanate 1225 to 1370 CE
• Four Oirat 1399 to 1634 CE
• Moghulistan c. 1347 to 1514 CE
• Khanate of Sibir c. 1468 to 1598 CE

Elsewhere in the world at the same time

• Republic of Venice c. 697 to 1797 CE, Europe
• Byzantine Empire 395 to 1453 CE, Europe
• Byzantine Empire 395 to 1453 CE, Middle East
• Swahili city-states c. 800 to 1700 CE, Central and Southern Africa
• Holy Roman Empire 962 to 1806 CE, Europe
• Srivijaya c. 650 to 1377 CE, Southeast Asia
• Ethiopian Empire (Solomonic dynasty) 1270 to 1974 CE, North and West Africa
• Khmer Empire 802 to 1431 CE, Southeast Asia
• Ottoman Empire 1299 to 1922 CE, Europe
• Ottoman Empire 1299 to 1922 CE, Middle East

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